Some of the major problems affecting this road cross intersection are:  Lack of a proper drainage system especially during heavy rains on the two undone streets.  Speeding especially of matatus at the intersection.  Excessive intersection conflicts within/ near the intersection  Vehicle conflicts with non-motorists. Pedestrians and cyclists are not catered for and therefore makes it hard for them to share the road with motorists.  Inadequate sight distance at the intersection.

Concrete is the oldest and most widely used construction material and it is composed of cement, aggregates (coarse and fine) and water in certain particular proportions. It is easily obtainable, strong, durable and relatively cheap. However, the concrete industry is one of the major consumers of the natural resources. Majority of the cementitious binder used in concrete is based on Portland cement clinker which is an energy intensive process.

In rural areas, piped water connectivity is unreliable as it is usually limited but has a high demand. This has necessitated the people living in the rural areas to opt for cheaper, timesaving and less tiresome techniques to obtain their water and thus turn to rainwater harvesting. RWH is cheaper compared to the centralized water system in that the water is free of charge and the area of study receives rainfall throughout the year (OpenStreetMap, n.d.). Therefore, the only cost incurred is from buying and installing conveyance and storage facilities.