The construction of highways has been on upward trend in Kenya over the past century, especially in major towns and cities. Highways are an expensive part of transportation facilities, as their construction and maintenance require huge amounts of materials globally. The increased demand for construction materials has raised concerns about the availability of natural aggregates and source of new aggregates. Historically, the most common method of handling the waste materials has been through disposal in dedicated landfills.

Some of the major problems affecting this road cross intersection are:  Lack of a proper drainage system especially during heavy rains on the two undone streets.  Speeding especially of matatus at the intersection.  Excessive intersection conflicts within/ near the intersection  Vehicle conflicts with non-motorists. Pedestrians and cyclists are not catered for and therefore makes it hard for them to share the road with motorists.  Inadequate sight distance at the intersection.

Concrete is the oldest and most widely used construction material and it is composed of cement, aggregates (coarse and fine) and water in certain particular proportions. It is easily obtainable, strong, durable and relatively cheap. However, the concrete industry is one of the major consumers of the natural resources. Majority of the cementitious binder used in concrete is based on Portland cement clinker which is an energy intensive process.