This study seeks to determine the suitability and potential use of quarry dust in concrete as a partial replacement of river sand and come up with an optimum mix. Concrete mixes bearing varying proportions of quarry dust and river sand will be cast and tested, and that which bears the proportion yielding the maximum compressive and tensile strength shall be selected as the ratio for the optimum mix.

A triaxial geogrid will be used to reinforce plain concrete beams of normal strength with both singular and double reinforcement. A three-point bending test will then be carried out on plain unreinforced concrete beams as well as on geogrid-reinforced concrete beams. These tests will have data on maximum load causing cracking, post-cracking maximum load and crack behaviour recorded. From these tests, a conclusion will be drawn on whether it is beneficial to use geogrids as concrete reinforcement for beams.

This study focuses on the specific sub-location of Siany in Kisumu County ensuring a comprehensive examination of a representative sample of households for accurate generalization of findings. To assess the water security of the area, the study is conducted in the dry season as the worst-case scenario. The study concentrates on communal water points and individual household water sources excluding water supply in institutions. Water quality tests will be conducted solely at the point of collection for communal water sources.