Nairobi city has experienced a speedy urban increase in the populace in the last few years as a result of rural-urban migration as well as natural growth. As a result, social amenities have been overburdened due to increased demand. Emerging challenges in wastewater treatment and increased knowledge about the consequences of water pollution have led to a common desire and need for better water quality.

Housing has an essential role in the economic development of the country. The need for housing is not only a basic human need but also an indication of the standard of living of the population. Thus, some of the factors that have led to the increasing population in Machakos County are due to rural to urban migration and congestion in cities.

In the recent past, NEMA has shut down a number of abattoirs around the country. This is mainly as a result of non-compliance with Environment Management and Co-ordination act (1999). The most recent case was in 30 January 2022 when NEMA ordered for the permanent closure of all 15 slaughterhouses in Kiamaiko. The authority wanted them to relocate to the newly built multimillion shilling slaughterhouse in Lucky Summer, Njiru. This was mainly because the slaughterhouses at Kiamaiko were polluting the Nairobi River and the authority wanted to put this to a halt.