With a burgeoning construction industry, the demand for materials for construction has gone up tremendously. Considering that the bulk of construction materials are naturally occurring, the exploitation of natural resources is inevitable. Aggregates used in concrete production are obtained by quarrying through rock to break down to smaller sizes.

Different projects require cement types that possess specific characteristics for example the compressive strength in order to improve efficiency.

Over the years, it has become clear that infrastructural development, more so the construction and rehabilitation of roads, is expensive. There have been numerous cases of stalled construction projects due to cash crunches in Kenya. According to the National Assembly Budget Committee, 3 infrastructural projects worth up to 9 trillion Kenyan shillings have stalled due to contractors' delayed payment and inability to complete the projects, mainly due to underquoting (Seboru, 2021).