Access to quality safe water is an indicator of improved social- economic development for any community. Due increasing population, change in land use, Chepalungu sub-county has been under pressure to fulfill access to quality safe water. Despite the government plans to ensure that all households have access to clean water, but this has not been the case in chepalungu sub-countyas the coverage remains low. Due to this situation the residents of Chepalungu resorted to constructing water pans to conserve runoff water during raining season.

Typical wood burned for fuel at pulp and paper mills, and the wood products industry may consist
of saw dust, wood chips, bark, saw mill scraps hard chips rejected from pulping, excess screenings
such as sheaves, primary residuals without mixed secondary residuals, etc. Physical and chemical
properties of wood ash are important in determining their beneficial uses. These properties are
influenced by species of trees, tree growing regions and conditions, method and manner of

In recent times, there have been a number of demolitions around the city of Nairobi. Buildings use a range of materials inclusive of Aluminium. Scrap metal is a worldwide phenomenon from car parts, once the vehicles are out of service, the issue of waste recycling and use arises. In pursuit of having a better and cleaner environment, this research seeks to ascertain the use of scrap Aluminium in concrete.