There are various problems facing the construction industry. These problems include high cost of cement, resource depletion and global pollution. The cost of cement is on the rise due to increase in demand and rising mining levies. In addition the source of cement which is majorly limestone will deplete over time due to over mining. Furthermore limestone is the main reason for the emission of CO2 to the environment since it contains the vital compound needed, which is calcium carbonate.

The construction industry is dynamic due the advancement in technology, budget constraint and development process. Plastic pollution poses a challenge to the ever-growing population since it was produced in high quantities.

The membrane bioreactor (MBR) is a new technology in wastewater treatment that is increasingly gaining popularity and application around the world due to its numerous advantages over conventional biological treatment (Stephenson, Simon, Jefferson & Brindle, 2001). It comprises of a suspended growth-activated sludge biological treatment followed by membrane filtration for liquid / solid separation. The need for processes like sedimentation and disinfection used in conventional processes is eliminated through the MBR systems.