Negligence is often one of the main reasons that lead to the failure and collapse of structures. It
is essential that the important areas of constructions such as investigating soil properties, stresses
from winds, designing for extra loads, earthquakes, investigation of terrains, picking building
materials, workmanship, and supervision of construction works are done keenly without any
sense of negligence (Machuki, 2012).
Some of the natural causes of structural failures and collapse are tornadoes, excessive floods, and

Egg shells are waste materials that primarily end up in landfills and substantially contribute to
environmental pollution. In Kenya the annual egg production is estimated to be 1.2 billion with
the per capita consumption of eggs being at 40. The annual cement production in Kenya is
estimated to be 6.3 billion tons as of December 2016 and continues to grow exponentially.
The production of cement has been the cause of serious environmental problems such as
emissions of gases like carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides which could potentially led to global

Rivers are an invaluable resource beneficial to many reliant on its use. There is need to safeguard this natural resource as a way to mitigate the harmful effects of pollution and depletion of fresh water sources. River Sosiani flows through the town where effluent is openly discharged into it from car washes, abattoirs, processing plants, storm drains, and garages along its course. It also passes downstream into informal settlements like Langas and Huruma where sanitary and waste disposal systems are poor therefore domestic waste ends up in the river.