High fluoride concentration in drinking water causes widespread health problems to many
residents in the Rift Valley region of Kenya that encompass dental and skeletal fluorosis
(Kaseva, 2006). The excessive fluoride in groundwater is a serious water quality problem. The
WHO and national standard (ES 261:2001) permit only up to 1.5 mg/L of fluoride whereas the
concentration of fluoride in groundwater in the Rift Valley Region is much higher. Use of HAP
provides a potential method of fluoride removal through adsorption. Therefore, there is need to
study the removal of fluoride by the HAP technique.