Water is a vital commodity for human existence. Despite covering about 71% of the earth, not all available water is fit for human consumption, agriculture of even to be used in industries. This poses the questions to engineers; how much water is needed? How much water is available? Who may use the available water?

This calls for a study to investigate sources of water and proper management of such resources in order meet the water demand in the society and especially in urban areas. Surface water and ground water are both important sources for community supply needs. Ground water is a common source for single homes and small towns and rivers and lakes are the usual sources for large cities.

Water quality is a term used to describe the physical, biological and chemical characteristics of water usually with respect to its suitability for a certain purpose. Before water can be put to some of its uses, it is necessary to ascertain its quality. The development of water quality standards has made it easier to measure and determine water quality and gauge the different levels of consumption such as agricultural, drinking and industrial purposes.

Fresh water is a finite resource crucial for agriculture, industry and even human existence. However, indiscriminate exploitation and unplanned use of various water resources for various purposes diminishes in qualitative and quantitative terms. Moreover the health of a community is generally affected by the water they consume and use.